Cargo security

▶ A driver is responsible for the safety of the load when transporting dry cargo.

▶ Therefore, closing or supporting the front, back, left and right sides of those with straps will save the load from slipping and falling.

▶ On the other hand, vehicles with doors from different sides are convenient for transporting dry cargo

Material Handling Purpose

To reduce the cost of handling: - for raw materials; To substitute for labor;

To increase capacity : - use of warehouse; Sweetness.

To create a comfortable working environment : - for safety; For convenience. To save energy.

To be convenient for distribution : - (to save time!)

Part 1 Preconditions

Dry cargo transport drivers must have sufficient information about the type of cargo they are transporting and the journey when transporting cargo from one place to another.

1- The reason for this is that it enables them to deliver the cargo to the desired location without damage and to deliver the property they have received in an appropriate manner.

2- Also, they understand that they have a great responsibility to avoid traffic accidents on themselves, the vehicle, the loaded cargo and other road users and property while traveling and it is very useful for them to implement it.

OBJECTIVE ➡ After learning the dry cargo drivers :-

1- You know the importance of data management when transporting loads from one place to another.

2- They know the types of cargo

3- They know about betting and betting

4- They understand the importance of weighing cargo and the processes of receiving and delivering cargo

5- They know the precautions for loading

6- They know about transporting animals and the precautions that should be taken

7- They should know about working relationship with different parties.

Part 2 Data management

Data management

A dry truck driver should keep proper records of his daily activities when deployed.

▶ Must have sufficient knowledge about data management to capture data.

▶ According to this, there must be forms or forms prepared by transport organizations to enable the implementation of statistics, databases and formulas.

▶ Although the form of each organization is different, they are mostly similar.

example -

- 1 The form to be filled in to capture information may be written in descending order.

-2 The form to be filled in to capture information may be written sideways.

-3 may be prepared in tabular form to hold information.

The form prepared for data retention will contain the following items

1- Day --------------------

2- Type of transport organization ---------------

3- Type of Loaded Item ------------

4- Starting point --------------

5- Hour --------------------

6- Destination --------------

7- Hour ---------------

8- The distance in km -----------------

9- The amount of fuel used in liters --------------

10- If there is a damaged vehicle part (part) --------------------

11- Explaining the reason in writing for taking (staying) more than the scheduled time from the place of origin to the place of destination . ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------

12- If there is a traffic accident

▶ Reason ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------

▶ Remedial action taken ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------

14- The license plate number of the vehicle -----------------------------

15- Driver's full name -----------------------------

16- Signature --------------------

Part 3 Types of cargo

Types of cargo

A dry truck driver needs to be aware of the type of cargo he is transporting from place to place.

example -

1- Items that perish when exposed to direct sunlight or rain should be covered with canvas.

2- If different goods (dry) loads are loaded at the same time, a driver must identify the type of load by looking at the picture on the carton in which the goods are packed, in order to distinguish the loads that should be at the bottom and top so that one does not damage the other.

NB▶ Recognizing the types of cargo allows you to avoid damage to cargo due to various factors.

The types of cargo will be as follows.

A- Metal and tin

B - Grains (wheat, corn, etc.)

C - food powders

D - factory products packed in cardboard

E - fertilizer

F- Salt

G- Chemicals

H- Containerized items and so on

Part 6 Load and unload dry cargo

Load and unload dry cargo

A driver is responsible for supervising the loading and unloading of the vehicle whenever it is required to load and unload it.

For example : - If you want to transport different loads at the same time

▶ Salt at the bottom, canvas in the middle, then sugar at the top, raw, then goods at the top of the sponge, and finally loading fragile items. However, if the load exceeds the span, the breakable material should not rest on the rope.

▶ Onions must get air when pressed.

▶ Petrol, diesel and white gas are not loaded with food and drinks.

▶ Salt and cooking oil are placed side by side.

▶ Clothing and cotton can be loaded above the merchandise

▶ Pepper can be loaded from the bottom, if other food powders are loaded on top, there must be a canvas between them.

▶ A ladder must be used for loading and unloading.

❖ In order to prevent the above-mentioned loads from being damaged by sun, rain and dust, for loads larger than spanda, such as tent, canvas, canvas stretcher, standing metal must be erected and stretched, carefully covered with chentini metal, loaded and transported.

❖ It is appropriate to use a forklift for loads that cannot be loaded and unloaded by human power.

❖ The driver should choose a good place to stop and load and unload the forklift.

❖ When loading and unloading cargo, the driver and the operator of the forklift or crane must communicate by speech and signs.

❖ Accepting and implementing each other's guidance will prevent damage to vehicles and cargo.

Part 10 Freight forwarder sign

Freight forwarder sign

❖ The driver is required to see that the cargo being loaded on the vehicle is properly packed and that there is a sign indicating the nature of the cargo.

For this

A- When cargo is brought into Ethiopia from a foreign country, it can be packed in cartons and containers from the country of origin.

B - Upon arrival at the port, the Ethiopian customs officer must ensure that the packages to be packed are properly packed before loading them onto the vehicle.

When loaded onto a vehicle, the identity of the item can be identified by looking at the markings on the carton.

This also helps the cargo to be transported safely.

example ; - This is what the pictures on the cartoons look like.

Part 11 Cargo categories

Cargo categories

❖ Single (Unit) Items ➡ (carton; box; package)" shipments

❖ Bulk goods (solids, liquids, gas loads)

❖ Installation of equipment

▶ Loading of sheets

▶ Bar stock loading

▶ Castings _

▶ Cassette stacking / Pallets / Loading;

▶ Wired container loading

Types of cargo containers

▶ Types of cargo containers used for single (Unit) items
▶ Carton;
▶ box;
▶ Other packaging is similar

▶ Types of cargo containers used for bulk goods

Factors that should be considered in determining the type of cargo container

▶ The shape of the container

▶ Size of the item to be packed

▶ The weight of the item

▶ Movement condition /Shock proof requirement/

▶ The age of the goods in the warehouse

▶ Method of installation / Quantity required from full package

▶ The state of inspection for control on the road

▶ Fixing condition by plastering with packing wire key...

▶ Humidity -effects of/

There are two basic reasons for covering cargo. They are : 1- To prevent the load from falling and 2- To protect it from different weather conditions. All countries have the same rules for covering cargo. For example : - A driver who is driving with explosive loads is prohibited from driving without covering the load.

Shera / Rivan :- To prevent the cargo from falling, the caboose must secure the cargo by tying the rope well. After loading a load, a driver must put on the tarpaulin and tie it to protect the load from rain and sun. When tying the canvas, he should stop the rain in the middle and stop the metal of the canvas tensioner and tie it with both collars to prevent water from falling.
Two types of cables are needed to tie cargo

1. Vertical caboose and
2. They are a side caboose.

The vertical coat is long and thick, while the side coat is short and slender. The tie is both above the load and tied side to side while the tie is tied lengthwise. 8/eight/side and 4/four/vertical count for trailer towing. A total of 12/twelve/kabos are required. The number of cabs depends on the length and scarcity of the trailer, for example, for some vehicles, 10/ten/lateral and 2/two/vertical cabs are needed for a total of 12/twelve/cabs. The area where a driver sleeps and stops as much as possible to protect the base of the load should be in a place suitable for protection.

Part 12 About loading and unloading cargo

About loading ➡ about receiving ➡ and ➡ handing over

A driver is responsible for knowing the weight of the load on the vehicle. The benefits of knowing the weight of the cargo are many and to describe a few of them

• It protects the safety of the vehicle

• It protects the safety of roads and bridges

• It reduces the risk of traffic caused by overloading

• It avoids important arguments and waste of time with the balance control staff

Note: Special care is required when transporting oversized barrels.
Especially in curved and short bends, these loads can slide in different directions, so it is necessary to reduce them and be very careful.

➡ The other length; the breadth; Drivers should be aware that a special transport permit is required when the height and weight are excessive; The shipping process should always be timed.
➡ This particular load needs to be marked with a flashing light or a flying flag to indicate that it is oversized.
➡ Some installations require a police escort or a signal vehicle traveling in front.
➡ Drivers operating these overloaded vehicles must exercise extreme caution.

➡ A driver must check the items filled in the delivery document, count the number of loads, take charge and deliver them.
➡ Also, he/she must take over the weight of the cargo without counting it and carry out the delivery work.

➡ In general, in order to perform this work, the driver must submit the documents that enable him to hand over the cargo in the condition it was delivered, by signing and confirming it with a stamp.

Part 14 About market research and pricing

About market research and pricing

A transport company or an investor can find a market for their own vehicle and steer the driver in one direction. However, since this driver should not return empty when he delivers the cargo, it is appropriate to let him know how to search for the market and how to estimate the price of the cargo.

Therefore, in order to find a market (load), the following factors must be met.
A - Explaining
to the shipping companies (individuals) that the vehicle is suitable for the cargo to be transported
B - Having both the driver and the vehicle ready for the requests of the shipping companies (individuals) to transport the cargo C - Informing the driver that when he competes for the cargo, he must provide a rate that includes allowances, fuel, oil and miscellaneous expenses
D - Competitors If there are similar transport companies or individual vehicles, we should monitor their market demand.
E - He should monitor the transport activity in our country and monitor the daily market rate.

In the conditions mentioned above, the driver must be marketable and affordable.

Tariffs and rate formulation

1. By type of goods : - by the type and size of the goods to be loaded

2. By volume : by the volume of the vehicle .

3. By type of goods : - Goods of known weight and size

4. Milej : - Paid per km for the vehicle

5. Special service tariff : - To eat on the road; to cool down; By not stopping. In cases requiring care for breathing etc., it can be assessed.

Part 12 Issues that are the basis for price confidence

Issues that are the basis for price confidence

1. Good condition

2. Travel distance

3. Number of contestants

4. Presence/absence of return load from the access point

5. The condition of the item being loaded

• quantity; weight content; Length

• Ask for caution

• The amount of stress/impact it can have on the vehicle &

6. Loading and unloading time &

7. Traffic condition &

Example: For the above 7 points, it is necessary to provide the postal package tariff.

So, if a driver knows the program and route of the travel and cargo permit, he will ensure that the passport ID, maintenance documents are up to date, and prepare himself and the driver's technical capabilities for the trip.

Freight transport route map?

• Road level and vehicle weight

• Inventory of goods to be transported

• Types of goods

It takes into account a zoned mapping based on relay rate.

Know the route of the travel and cargo permit program

A driver must know the route he is going to take and make appropriate programs for the trip before starting a journey with a dry cargo vehicle.

A cargo license is a license to transfer the cargo loaded on the vehicle to any desired location. For example: - The installed load

1. In the case of timber, a pass permit must be obtained from a hunting and wildlife conservation permit.

2. If it is a weapon, it must have a pass permit from the party in question to allow this weapon to pass through all checkpoints in that direction.

Program means : - When a driver is assigned a specific time to arrive and return, he will provide evidence of the reason for the deviation of the travel program for the time he stayed longer than the allotted time.

Itinerary means : - Knowing the origin and destination.
By knowing the route the driver is going to go to, it will help him to make advance arrangements that will enable him to use the program allowance and miscellaneous expenses properly.

Part 13 About transporting animals

About transporting animals

When a driver receives a deployment order to transport animals, he must ensure that the following are met.

1- It must be ensured that there is a suitable place for loading and unloading the animals. 2-
It must be ensured that there is enough drinking water for the animals from the starting point to the destination.

If these are confirmed to be fulfilled, the transport companies or the investor or if the vehicle operated by the driver is a vehicle used for this purpose, it will be sufficient to check only the technical condition of the vehicle.
However, if it is to be transported by a dry cargo vehicle, a temporary fence must be installed on the vehicle to prevent the animals from falling.
The driver should slow down to avoid harming the animals.

Part 13 About working relationship with different parties

About working relationship with different parties

When a driver moves a load from one place to another, it may come into contact with various components

For example :
1- with the customs inspection staff
2- with the staff of shipping companies
3- with the unloading staff and so on.

Therefore, the driver is considered as the transporter's / owner's / representative in the eyes of customers and others, and the following is expected from the driver.

1- Knowing that he will be controlled by a tachograph/patrol/car or documents, he must cooperate and be careful in advance.
2- He cannot escape any responsibility for missing or damaged cargo, and he must refrain from creating confusion and apologize and clear things up.
3- He must know and respect the transporter's / the transporter's company / work policy.
4- He must maintain his personal hygiene and have good morals.
5- He should cooperate with the above-mentioned parties by giving a positive response to any questions presented to him during work.

A driver who implements these actions will have a good attitude from the society and various organizations towards the transport company and the driver, which will make the transport work healthy.

The purpose of the operational guidelines for dry cargo transport companies

1- Making the drivers aware of their company's operating instructions
2- Making the transport company control the drivers' activities
1- Monitoring the loading and unloading of the loaded loads on time
2- Ensuring that the delivery documents for the loaded loads are properly submitted
3- Making sure that the vehicles are repaired in time and ready for deployment when they break down Monitoring the implementation of the implementation: .

Part 14 About transporting dangerous goods

About transporting dangerous goods

Dangerous goods : means transported by vehicle
1- Compressed gas;
2- acid;
3- Corrosive substance;
4- Combustible substance; and so on for health; Includes items that are hazardous to safety or property.

Types of dangerous goods

A- Explosives : - Air; - Argon; - Carbon Monoxide; - Coal gas; - Hydrogen; - Methane; - Oxygen; - Sulfur Dioxide; - Ammonia; - propane; -Helium is a substance that is packed in a metal cylinder and -Dynamite.

B - flammable substances or gases

A mixture of chemicals with a flammability temperature below 23 ⁰ C /73 ⁰ F/ is called a mixture of flammable substances or gases. They are: ▶ Gasoline; ▶ Diesel; ▶ Lighter fluids; ▶ Acetone; ▶ Matches; ▶Fuses; ▶ Propane; ▶ Helium; ▶ Fluorine and ▶ Battery fluid; ▶Aluminum picrate; They are ▶ white phosphorus and ▶ sodium.

C - Oxidizers - ▶ Ammonium Nitrate, ▶ Hydrogen Peroxide and so on.

D - Poisons :- ▶ Pesticides; ▶ Arsenic and the like.

E - Radioactives / Radioactives / :- ▶ Uranium; ▶ Plutonium and the like.

F- Acidic or corrosive substances : means any substance that has a hydrogen bond as a liquid chemical and whose acidity level is less than 7 pH.

For example:
▶ Hydrochloric acid
▶ Battery acid and so on.

G- Others : : - ▶ Formal Dehyde; ▶ Asbestos; ▶ Charcoal and ▶ Hair Spray.

When I post a description of the first items

First, any motor vehicle carrying dangerous goods shall post a statement not less than 50.97 cm2 on the front and rear of the vehicle and 25.16 ^cm2 on the side of the vehicle when it is in a container.

The content of the declaration explaining that the vehicle is loaded with dangerous goods includes : -
- Name of the goods ---------
- Total weight -----
- Danger to health
- Danger to fire and explosion ------
- If the dangerous thing explodes They are the steps to take.

These statements
- must be easily visible
- must be separated from other signs by at least 3 inches
- must not be covered by doors or ladders
- the type of identification card depends on the type of hazardous material and its weight.
- Their writing should be easy to read from left to right.

Descriptions that must be written on packaged dangerous goods
- name and address of the shipper
- name and shipping identification number of the dangerous goods
- a sign showing the location of the goods containing liquids
- the level of danger of the goods.

Select dangerous goods

When loading dangerous goods, the following points should be considered
- If a hook is used to lift an object, care must be taken as it may puncture the container.
- When loading, it is necessary to hold the handbrake of the vehicle and make sure that
it does
not move.

Note: If many hazardous materials are exposed to heat, they should be installed away from the heat source as their hazard power increases.

- Visually verify that there is no sign of liquid while it is being installed.
- Handles must be well supported to prevent movement during travel.
- There should be a sign stating that smoking is prohibited in the area.
- There should be no fire in the area.
- Things with valves can open and should be handled with care.
- After installation, nothing should be opened on the go.
- It should not be moved from one package to another during travel.
- Inflammable things should not be placed in the area where there is a heater / air conditioner.
- They must be installed without any gaps between dangerous goods, unless they are covered with a fire and water resistant covering.

Click and throw explosive objects

The vehicle engine must be turned off before loading or unloading them.
- It is necessary to check the place of installation. - The power line to the heater must be disconnected.
- Be careful not to have any sharp or sharp objects in the area that could pierce the load case.
- Dividers between loads should not be made of
metal .
- It should be noted that it is absolutely forbidden to transfer items from vehicle to vehicle unless there is an accident.
However, in case of emergency, when it is necessary to transfer to another vehicle, it is necessary to warn people in the area and keep them away from electricity during loading.
- ➡ Transportation of damaged and damp items is prohibited.
➡ Gas cylinders must be stopped.
➡ Flammable material containers must also be attached to the shelf.

Loading and unloading of acid or corrosive substances

Any driver transporting acid or corrosive substances must meet the following requirements

➡ Posting a statement indicating the content of the shipment

➡ Make sure that there is nothing that could cause the substance to explode or explode during transport, loading and unloading.

➡ Make sure the vehicle has a fire extinguisher.

➡ Do not drop or roll the containers.

➡ To prevent the liquid from flowing, the part that should be up must be positioned in the right direction.

➡ Nitric acid cannot be loaded on top of any material.

➡ When installing a battery, it is necessary to be careful not to press the two terminals on anything that could cause a fire.

➡ In these ammonia; Ammonium picrate; Florin. Dynamite. Fleur. It is prohibited to install white phosphorous and potassium cyanide on top of the corrosive substances.

Organic peroxide

An organic peroxide carrier with petroleum synthesis:

- Carrying a fire extinguisher in the vehicle, as there is a liquid or radioactive substance that can cause fire or fire and explosion, which can generate flammable gas or ignite a flame when it comes into contact with water.
➡ Do not install small amount of compound chemical or acid material.
➡ Do not mix and install materials that may cause fire or explosion.
➡ A statement must be posted.

Transporting flammable substances or gas

1- Circumstances in which it is necessary to post a description of a vehicle carrying a flammable substance or gas

▶ In a container containing no more than 5 liters / 1.1 gallons of flammable substances
▶ In a vehicle loaded with acetaldehyde or carbon disulfide or in a container containing flammable substances under 1 kg and
▶ In a container of no more than 5 liters, excluding other flammable substances, for domestic fuel consumption In a vehicle carrying a flammable substance.

2- Any carrier of liquid cargo
- moving lights
- explosives or objects that can start a sudden fire
- should not be loaded on vehicles carrying flammable liquids.

3- A vehicle transporting flammable substance or gas must have a fire extinguisher.

4- It is not possible to engage in the transportation of petroleum unless it is a container or boat made of metal and having a loading capacity of not less than 189.25 liters / 50 gallons.
However, if the composition of the substance to be transported contains not more than 75% petroleum mixture, the container may have a loading capacity of 340.65 liters /90 gallons.

5- A vehicle with a capacity to load more than 5677.5 liters / 1500 gallons of petroleum cannot tow any type of trailer.

6 - A trailer used only for loading petroleum shall not have a trailer unless it is towed by a vehicle transporting petroleum.

7- Engine must be switched off before loading or unloading flammable materials.

8- Places containing flammable liquids must be connected to the ground with a metal or electric cable before filling.

Part 15 Poison

Poison

1. Poisons must be packed in thick enough material to prevent them from causing danger during transport.

2. A statement stating the type of poison must be affixed to the loaded vehicle.

3. The transporter is obliged to ensure that the toxin is free from food poisoning.

Radioactive _

- Any radioactive substance with a density greater than 0.002 microcuries per gram shall not be transported by public transport vehicle or by any vehicle carrying acidic or corrosive substances.

- A description of what is being transported in a vehicle transporting radioactive material must be posted.

- The volume of the transported substance should not exceed 2 ml per hour.

- The transporter must obtain permission from the authority one month before transporting the substance and provide a statement on the potential exposure of the substance.

Part 16 About driving a vehicle loaded with dangerous goods

❖ About driving a vehicle loaded with dangerous goods

▶ A vehicle loaded with explosives must be parked 5 feet off the road.

▶ Do not park within 300 feet of bridges, public gathering areas, and areas close to fires except for refueling and other short errands.

▶ Flammable liquids, gases, and explosives should be stored in a standing position with reflective 3 sides or a red electric light.

▶ A driver carrying dangerous goods must identify the routes he is going to take.

▶ A driver who loads explosive devices must prepare (accept) the route plan from the starting point

▶ Smoking is prohibited within 25 feet of a vehicle containing flammable gases, liquids, or explosives.

▶ A vehicle carrying hazardous materials must have its tires inspected every two hours or every 100 miles.

▶ A driver transporting chlorine must have a gas mask.

❖ If an accident occurs while transporting hazardous materials:

▶ Do not touch anything that is leaking

▶ Warn others not to approach the danger area

▶ Not trying to identify the dangerous thing by smell

▶ Do not move the vehicle unless it is to remove it from the crowded road

▶ Drivers should know and practice that spills on the vehicle must be thoroughly cleaned before further use.