Introduction : Driving behavior or psychology is a field of psychology that studies the behavior of drivers when they are behind the wheel and after they start driving.
Therefore, this lesson helps drivers to understand the nature of driving behavior, its scientific basis and its importance to life, and informs drivers of the ideas listed below.

Main driving behavior ideas

1- Basic characteristics and interpretation

2- Nature of driving psychology, its scientific basis and its importance for life

3- Driving professional ethics

4- The effects of alcohol on driving and the law of alcohol

5- Wave some and drive the lock

6- The 3 areas of driving characteristics

7- They are a way to develop good driving habits.

Part 1.1 A useful interpretation of behavior

Behavior: Meaning ⤵
1- It is a discipline that studies the behavior of people and animals in a scientific way.
2- It is a discipline that studies behavior and mental thought process in a scientific way.

The word " Sen " comes from the Geez word "Senai" which means beauty. Enter the blood. beautiful ; Good, . . . That is.

Character : -means attitude; of thinking It means any act of knowledge, skill and emotion, motivation.
Therefore , behavior can be directly or indirectly known, recorded, evaluated, scanned, measured, twisted, scanned. . .may be possible.

Driving behavior : It is a field of behavior that studies the behavior of drivers while driving.
Therefore , ☞ based on the definitions mentioned above, the behavior and driving behavior of the drivers; thinking It can be said that knowledge, skills, emotions, motivation and any actions or actions are shown.

Part 1.2 The influence or role of nature and environment on behavior

The influence or role of nature and environment on behavior

Various experts in the field agree that the origin of human behavior is a joint result of heredity and environment.
They agree that nature has a strong influence on behavior.

Part 1.3 Behavioral goals

Behavioral Goals: Behavioral goals are the personality that a person achieves by understanding the concepts of psychology and they are as follows.

1- Improving behavior or directing behavior in a good way

2- Considering the causes of behavior change

3- Explain the cause of different characteristics

4- Defining behavior

5- Predicting the future by considering current behavior. . . they are.

Characteristics of driving: As we have seen above, before the definition of the word, let's see what driving itself means.

Driving :- One of the international professions is an independent profession. It means the work of the 5 senses, the work of the mind and the movement of body parts (for example: neck, legs, hands...etc.) is it.

Driving Behavior : It is the field of behavior that studies the causes of changes in the behavior of drivers while driving.

Part 2.1 Advantages of driving behavior

Benefits of driving behavior :- The main purpose of driving behavior is to correct unnecessary driving behavior or achieve good behavior by implementing psychological ideas that can reduce the risk to people and property due to behavioral problems. In order to develop or strengthen this good behavior of drivers, the psychology recommends that drivers practice the following characteristics in communication skills.

1- Humility: Being humble to passengers

2- Compassion:- Protecting the feelings of other road users

3- As a citizen, being respectful of law, order and regulation:- Being subject to various laws

4- Spiritual connection:- Creating a spiritual connection with other road users

5- Creative Drive:- Developing creative drive practices and modern science discoveries

6- Family view:- Being good for passengers and pedestrians

7- Ethicality: Being ethical is reasonable

8- Sharing feelings: Sharing the feelings of other users

Part 2.2 The 3 behavioral aspects of driving

The 3 Behavioral Issues of Driving :-

There are three behavioral aspects of driving:

1- Readiness

2- Arousal

3- They are the process of collecting and interpreting information.

1- Readiness: - Education; of skill; It is a function of the joint effect of motivation and maturity.

Things to consider before driving include:

1- The driver prepares himself for the trip

2- The driver prepares the vehicle for the trip

3- Anticipate road, traffic and weather conditions.

2- Stimulation : It is a value found in people as a process that leads to a goal or moves a planned plan or purpose with behavior.

✔ Arousal enables purposeful behavior to be directed and reinforced. A person with high motivation for work results will consider the problems they face as a challenge and work harder for the result.

✔ An alert and motivated driver can help determine what options he has in traffic. In addition, a motivated driver understands that the decisions and actions he takes in any traffic activity must be quick.

3- The process of gathering and interpreting information : The process of gathering information through driving is done through our senses, and the process is called sensation.
 Sensation : - It is the first contact that our senses make with the physical things in our environment.
Among our senses, the eye [80 to 90 percent] is the sensory organ that plays the most important role in detecting the environment.

These are our senses
- seeing,
- hearing,
- smelling;
- navigation; Among our five senses, the only sense we don't use (don't need) to collect and interpret information while driving is our tongue (taste).

- Seeing : We gather the most information from our senses, i.e. more than 80%-90%, through our eyes. situation, the weather in front of us, any movement in front of us, etc. . . We can see and observe with our eyes.

Hearing : After our eyes, we collect the most information through our ears, and among the information we collect by hearing, the unusual sound we hear on our vehicle occupies the highest position, while traffic whistles, tire bursts and various other important sound information for us and driving are collected through our ears.

- Smelling : One of the ways we collect information while driving is smelling, and if we try to mention among the information collected by our nose, the smell of brake pads, the smell of friction, the burning of electric lines. . . They will be mentioned.

- Sensing : Sensing is one of the ways we collect information while driving, and if we try to mention among the data collected by hand, the temperature of the engine (if the temperature gauge on the dash board does not work or is damaged for various reasons), if we want to check the condition of the brakes or feet, the damage of the steering part (front tire Joko ), to determine gear position, . . . And for such our hand plays the biggest role.

The 3 processes of data collection and interpretation

1- Understanding

2- Attention

3- They are understanding.

1- Perception : Receiving information from our environment through our senses; It is a process of transformation and sending to our mind .

2- Attention:- It is the process of selecting the main and desired information from the information that comes to us through our senses, i.e. seeing, hearing, smelling and touching, and drivers should know that it is important to focus on the information that helps them to drive.

3- Perception: It involves the process of processing, interpreting and reaching a decision based on the information we receive through our senses . Therefore, drivers should develop good judgment and decision-making skills. In order for this decision to be effective, drivers must fully concentrate on the task of driving.

Part 2.3 Causes of behavioral changes

Causes of change in behavior: Among the things that are said to contribute significantly to the change in behavior of drivers while driving, the following factors take the biggest place:-

-Physical condition : When we say- we mean driving when we feel pain, driving when we feel tired, etc.

- Environmental conditions : - Bad environmental conditions

- Strong emotional stress : - refers to the process of expressing inner desire, love, hate, sadness, frustration, etc. When our feelings for people or things are greater than they should be, we become emotionally stressed.

- Character inherited from nature : - Natural character

- Training :- It is an action that is carried out in the way of selected leadership and planning, and it allows to teach in the way that human beings want. Therefore, the risk of driver incompetence can be eliminated by standard driver training. Because training is a way to change behavior.

- The area where the vehicle is moving : - (For example, an area with heavy traffic, broken roads, roads that seem easy or convenient to drive, etc.)

- inter alia

Part 2.4 Develop an attitude of obeying the rules of the road

2.4 Develop the attitude of obeying the rules of the road

Developing an attitude of obedience to the rules of the road can be described as follows.

▶ Know and apply roadside sign messages well

▶ Knowing the road lines and striving for their practicality

▶ Obey traffic lights

▶ Respect the speed limit

▶ Being subject to priority signs

Part 2.5 Working in a spirit of cooperation with other road users

2.5 To work cooperatively with other road users

As the road is a common use infrastructure, if we use it in harmony ▸ cooperation and communication, it will lead to a smooth traffic flow and a safe road movement. Cooperation with other road users can be defined as follows.

▶ Be patient

▶ Pay attention

▶ Protect others and yourself from danger

▶ Be careful and intelligent

▶ Don't want something living to be lost due to irresponsibility

▶ Eliminate indifference

▶ See other road users as yourself

▶ Develop the habit of giving priority

Part 2.6 Motivation to perform a careful driving process

2.6 Motivation to perform a careful driving procedure

▶A driver's first level of proactive behavior is the active application of basic driving behavior values ​​and emotions that support or motivate good driving behavior.

Basic values ​​of driving behavior

▶ These are the basic principles that the driver uses to drive actively.
Basic Values ​​of Driving Behavior
- Responsibility;
They are known as - Safety/Precaution and
- Competence.

1. Responsibility: It is a value class that encourages the following conditions.

▶ Thinking about others and dressing ethically

▶ Positive conscientious thinking

▶ Happiness and satisfaction

2. Safety/Precaution: It is a value class that encourages the following conditions.

▶ Self-preparation and a sense of balance/equality

▶ Balanced decision-making

▶Communication with humility and a sense of calmness

3. Competence: It is a value class that promotes the following conditions.

▶ Observance of rules and integrity

▶ Develop knowledge and understanding

▶ They are right action and vigilance.

❖ Mood: Drivers need to be in a good mood and in a good mood to be able to drive safely and with full motivation.
- Drivers' mood can be affected by various factors. For example: competing with each other; By insulting; by fighting; inter alia.
- Therefore, it should be known that driving in a damaged or disturbed state can lead to worse accidents

❖ Personal interest: Personal interests should not interfere with proper driving behavior.
- However, driving should be carried out by connecting personal interest with the principle of the road and keeping the safety of all road users stable.

Part 2.7 Applying the principle of fuel behavior based on prevention

2.7 Applying the principle of fuel behavior based on prevention

It is a method with different levels in which the driver develops good driving behavior by constantly correcting and monitoring his own driving system.

The 3 levels of self-correction .

▶ Level one awareness: Level one is a way for the driver to understand and realize that he has this type of negative driving habit.

▶ Step Two Witnessing: There are two ways in which the driver self-witnesses when they perform negative driving actions.

▶ Stage three improvement:- It is the practical behavior improvement action taken to correct the driver's negative driving behavior and the resulting behavior improvement.

Physical and psychological facts that help to develop the qualities of a good driver

1. Wear street modesty

2. Preventing and controlling conflicts with other road users

3. Develop healthy interpersonal relationships.

Part 3.1 Dress politely on the street

3.1. Dress politely on the street

It can be said that wearing street politeness means that all street activities should be polite. This happens when the relationship between terrorists and other road users develops and the lack of priority increases.

Part 3.2 Conflict prevention and control

3.2. Preventing and controlling conflicts with other road users

Collisions can be prevented when drivers and road users obey the rules of the road.

1- controlling negative emotions

- Our driving habits promote good feelings, not bad behaviors

Not giving him a chance to strengthen.

- To have a good passion for our work to control emotions;

- Recognizing situations that trigger negative emotions;

- When we get into a situation where we can't control our emotions, we don't drive until we can control our emotions;

2- Not making minor driving mistakes

- Trying not to make driving mistakes every day, trying to learn from our mistakes

Not making the same mistake;

- That our driving style is correct by not causing an accident while making a driving mistake

correcting behavior;

- Repeating the mistake just because we didn't make a driving mistake

Be careful not to develop experience.

- Repeated minor driving errors are accumulated into important driving behavior

Take care to guide us. inter alia

Part 3.3 Healthy relationships

3.3. Develop healthy interpersonal relationships

To make this successful, drivers must fulfill the following conditions.

▶ Tolerance: To be patient when others do things that we do not want or agree with for the sake of solidarity.

▶ Sharing: Allowing someone else to use something that is one's own

▶ Compassion: Seeing the problems of others as one's own and trying to solve them by sharing them

▶ Negotiating: - For the sake of understanding, giving up some personal needs and reaching an agreement

Part 3.4 Professional driving ethics

3.4 Driving professional ethics

1. Profession

▶ The driving profession is a field of work that provides appropriate services to the society by using the knowledge, skills and thinking gained through education and training.

2. Ethics

▶ It is a value that encourages us to leave the bad and do only the good that allows us to distinguish between the good and the bad. It is the value of working together and living together.

3. Professional ethics

▶ refers to the principles and regulations that the members should strictly follow according to the type of profession in which the professional is engaged in order to be effective.

Driving principles

▶ As the driver plays an important role in road safety and the peaceful movement of transport, they are responsible for driving carefully.

▶ Drivers have a responsibility not only to protect their own lives, but also to protect the lives and property of others.

▶ They are responsible for protecting against accidents caused by driver mistakes and technical defects.

▶ Drivers have the responsibility to be aware of the dangers that can be caused by the ignorance, negligence and lack of discipline of drivers and pedestrians.

❖ Associations of drivers who respect their professional ethics

▶ If you drive, don't drink. If you drink, don't drive

▶ Don't take heavy medicine and drive without a doctor's order

▶ Do not drive for more than four hours without a break

▶ When they feel sleepy, they take full rest

▶ They plan their trip

▶ They protect the whole body of their car

▶ You understand that the safety of the passenger is the responsibility of the driver

▶ Do not drive on a road that is difficult to drive

▶ Be careful on turning roads

▶ If the weather is bad, don't drive until it gets better

▶ They protect others and themselves from dangerous situations

▶ Long headlights shine properly

▶ They give priority to pedestrians

▶ They don't want something alive to be lost due to their responsibility

▶ You are called to improve your driving skills

▶ They obey the speed limit

▶ They respond appropriately to traffic lights

▶ Obey road signs and orders

▶ They obey the orders of the traffic police

▶ Make a travel plan

▶ They are committed to protecting themselves and others

▶ They have professional ethics

▶ They obey the rules of the road.

❖ Drivers who drive without respecting their professional ethics commit the following bad actions

✔ They drink alcohol and drive.

✔ They don't take full rest when they feel sleepy.

✔ It is prescribed by medical professionals and does not cause problems in their driving

✔ They take or use unapproved drugs and drive.

✔ They drive for more than four (4) hours without a break.

✔ They don't follow the traffic rules and regulations.

✔ They take any drugs and drive.

✔ Interact with other drivers.

✔ Do not follow the rules and regulations and drive unless there is a traffic controller.

✔ They do not realize that the safety of the passenger is the responsibility of the driver.

✔ They don't use the appropriate sign at the appropriate place and time in the process of moving and stopping.

✔ They do not respond to traffic lights.

✔ They do not protect themselves or others from danger.

✔ They do not take great care on intersections and curves.

✔ Use the long headlight in urban areas.

✔ You drive fast in crowded areas.

✔ They don't plan their trip, they don't save time, they cause problems.

✔ They will drive their car on a difficult road.

✔ They do not protect the entire body of their vehicle.

✔ Before driving, they do not check that the various parts of their vehicle are working properly.

✔ Even if the weather is at a bad level, they never wait for better weather to arrive or they drive blindly.

✔ They do not protect others and themselves from dangerous situations.

✔ They do not give priority to pedestrians or pedestrians.

✔ You don't drive within the speed limit.

✔ Don't follow international road lines.

✔ Do not carry driver's license while driving.

✔ While driving, they hold the steering wheel in one hand.

- inter alia

Professional Conduct of Drivers :-

Driver :- We can call any individual a driver who has taken driver's qualification training and passed the necessary theoretical and practical tests and has been given a driver's qualification certificate (driver's license).

Profession :- It is a respected and loved field of work in the society and is available through education and training in a certain field of knowledge.

A profession is a field of work that provides appropriate services to the society by using the knowledge, skills and thinking gained through education and training.

Ethics : It is a value that allows us to distinguish between good and bad and encourages us to leave the bad and follow the good.

Professional ethics : Professionals refer to the principles and regulations that must be strictly followed by the members of the profession in order to be effective in their work.

Driving is a skill that requires mental and physical coordination, so it should be given attention. Based on this, every driver should follow the following points as a principle.

- As the driver plays an important role in traffic safety and peaceful movement of road transport, it is important to drive carefully.

- The driver is required not only to protect his own life, but also to take care of the safety and property of the society.

- He is responsible for preventing and maintaining damage that may occur every minute and every hour due to the mistakes of drivers and technical defects of vehicles.

- He is responsible for preventing accidents that may occur due to ignorance, negligence and undisciplined drivers or pedestrians.

❖ Drivers who respect their professional ethics and drive should do the following good deeds

✔ If they drive, they don't drink; And if they drink, they don't drive.

✔ Take full rest when you feel sleepy.

✔ They do not take medicine and drive unless it is prescribed by medical professionals and it is confirmed that it will not cause problems in their driving.

✔ Do not drive for more than four (4) hours without a break.

✔ Respect the traffic laws and regulations and drive.

✔ Do not drive under the influence of any drugs.

✔ Do not interfere with other drivers.

✔ Whether there is a traffic controller or not, they obey the rules and regulations and drive

✔ You understand that the safety of the passenger is the driver's responsibility.

✔ They use the appropriate sign in the appropriate place and time in the process of moving and stopping.

✔ They respond to the traffic lights.

✔ They protect themselves and others from danger.

✔ They are very careful at intersections and curves.

✔ Do not use the long headlight in urban areas.

✔ Drive at a slower speed in crowded areas.

✔ They plan their trip, save time, prepare to avoid causing problems.

✔ They don't drive their cars on roads that are difficult to drive.

✔ They protect the entire body of their vehicle.

✔ Whether the various parts of their vehicle are working properly

✔ They check before they move.

✔ If the weather is at a bad level, you will never drive until better weather is available or arrives.

✔ Protect others and themselves from dangerous situations.

✔ Give priority to pedestrians or pedestrians.

✔ Drive within the speed limit.

✔ Respect international road lines and drive

✔ Always carry a driver's license while driving.

✔ When driving, they hold the steering wheel with both hands unless it is necessary.

✔

❖ Drivers who don't respect their professional ethics will commit the following bad actions

✔ They drink alcohol and drive.

✔ They don't take full rest when they feel sleepy.

✔ It is prescribed by medical professionals and does not cause problems in their driving

✔ They take or use unapproved drugs and drive.

✔ They drive for more than four (4) hours without a break.

✔ They don't follow the traffic rules and regulations.

✔ They take any drugs and drive.

✔ Interact with other drivers.

✔ Do not follow the rules and regulations and drive unless there is a traffic controller.

✔ They do not realize that the safety of the passenger is the responsibility of the driver.

✔ They don't use the appropriate sign at the appropriate place and time in the process of moving and stopping.

✔ They do not respond to traffic lights.

✔ They do not protect themselves or others from danger.

✔ They do not take great care on intersections and curves.

✔ Use the long headlight in urban areas.

✔ You drive fast in crowded areas.

✔ They don't plan their trip, they don't save time, they cause problems.

✔ They will drive their car on a difficult road.

✔ They do not protect the entire body of their vehicle.

✔ Before driving, they do not check that the various parts of their vehicle are working properly.

✔ Even if the weather is at a bad level, they never wait for better weather to arrive or they drive blindly.

✔ They do not protect others and themselves from dangerous situations.

✔ They do not give priority to pedestrians or pedestrians.

✔ You don't drive within the speed limit.

✔ Don't follow international road lines.

✔ Do not carry driver's license while driving.

✔ While driving, they hold the steering wheel in one hand.

- inter alia

Part 4.1 Effect of alcohol on driving ability

Effects of alcohol on driving ability :

✔ Alcohol has a depressant effect on the central nervous system.

✔ Alcohol spreads quickly in our blood and reduces the normal functioning of our brain and affects our ability to make decisions, emotions and behavior.

✔ Alcohol reduces the driver's ability to see, concentrate, think, and make decisions, causing a traffic accident.

Therefore, researchers in the field state that when the frequency of alcohol consumption increases, the harm increases with it.

Misconceptions about alcohol

▶ Alcohol increases the ability to drive

▶ Some people drink alcohol but it does not affect them

▶ If it is taken after eating, it will not make you drunk

▶ Coffee and a little fresh air reduce intoxication

▶ Beer does not contain as much alcohol as wine or whiskey

Alcohol facts

▶ Reduces alertness and poses a risk

▶ Not everyone who drinks alcohol can resist its effects

▶ Although food reduces the effect of alcohol, it does not eliminate it at all

▶ Drunkenness cannot be reduced in any way

▶ A small amount of beer is as strong as a few glasses of whiskey or wine.

Part 4.2 Signs of a drunk driver

A driver who is driving under the influence of alcohol has the following characteristics

▶ You drive too slowly or too fast

▶ They drive in the wrong lane

▶ Turn quickly on the bend

▶ They drive by swaying the steering wheel,

▶ Frecha goes around without turning on the lights

▶ They drive without turning on the lights

▶ Violate traffic lights and stop signs.

✔ Driving while hitting zig zag.

✔ Leader wavering Failure to handle the leader properly.

✔ Driving at high speed.

✔ Driving at very slow speeds.

✔ Driving too close to a vehicle next to or in front of you.

✔ Driving too close to the edge of the road (divider).

✔ Passing, turning, changing direction carelessly and without signaling. . .

✔ Traffic police violation.

✔ Driving at night without turning on the necessary lights.

✔ Deceleration and incredible acceleration.

✔ Finding a wide area to turn the vehicle and having difficulty turning.

✔ Use of loud trumpets in urban areas.

✔ Self and not staying in one row.

✔ _

Alcohol and traffic accidents

It is an open secret that the traffic accidents that happen day by day in our country are not good for our country. One of the things that are making this risk worse is the increasing number of alcohol drinkers in our country.

And when we associate alcohol with driving, the horror becomes even greater. I think it is clear to all of us that there have been many deaths and injuries caused by drivers who use this dangerous substance to drive drunk and by pedestrians who carelessly step on the road while drunk.

❖ So, dear drivers, if we drink, we don't drive, and if we drive, we don't drink.
A countryman who says that it is not right to be careful before falling ill. It's like saying that.

Part 4.3 Alcohol and the law

Alcohol and the law

▶ Any driver who is suspected of being intoxicated by the appropriate body and asked to do so must be tested for alcohol.

▶ A driver can be said to be intoxicated when the maximum blood alcohol level exceeds zero point eight grams per liter (0.8ml) or zero point four grams per liter (0.8ml) of pure alcohol in the breath.

▶ If the driver refuses to be tested, he is considered to be under the influence of alcohol.

▶ If a driver is found to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol, the traffic controller can impound the vehicle for 12 hours, unless he has someone else drive the vehicle for him.

❖ In our country

✔ Driving under the influence of alcohol is absolutely prohibited in our country.

✔ Driving under the influence of drugs is absolutely prohibited.

✔ Driving under the influence of drugs, etc. is absolutely prohibited.

Not driving while drinking alcohol

❖ As we have seen above, driving under the influence of alcohol is prohibited, so any driver who has consumed alcohol should refrain from driving and find another option.
Among the options

✔ Using another transportation option (for example, public transportation, taxi, calling another driver who has not drunk alcohol and keeping your car and going with him, . . .)

✔ Calling another driver who has not drunk alcohol and handing over or giving the driving job to him.

✔ Protect your car and spend the night at the place where you drank

✔ If you think it is necessary to drink alcohol, then the best option is to try drinking it with the person you like.

▶ Developing the habit of drinking alcohol at home

▶ Letting a drunk driver drive the vehicle

▶ Using Loktran Sports

▶ Spending the night at the place where we drank

What to do when you encounter a driver who is intoxicated with alcohol

According to studies conducted in some countries, 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm is the time when drivers who have consumed a lot of alcohol drink more or drive.
Therefore, it is appropriate to be extra careful while driving during this season.

▶ Try not to approach drivers when you see them driving under the influence of alcohol. Because drunk drivers can put their own lives and the lives of others at risk.

✔ It is better to call the police instead of approaching.

✔ Do not approach the vehicle as much as possible

✔ Pointing to law enforcement officers who are close

✔ Calling the police station

Waveform and key drive :

Crazy driving is the act or process of driving in a state of fear, anxiety, and agitation.
Therefore, the driver's tendency to cause accidents to others is increased because of the calmness and calmness that helps to reduce the risk.

Wave driving is believed to be the result of driving in fear, anxiety, etc.

Some of the reasons for the characteristics of wave drivers

✔ Driving under the influence

✔ Driving in fear, anxiety, etc

✔ Driving addicted to speeding

✔ Getting distracted by something else while driving

✔ Driving while angry, angry or in a similar mood

✔ Drugs, alcohol, hard drugs, . . . Take and drive

✔ Lack of understanding of traffic laws and not admitting one's own driving mistakes.

The 3 types of motor vehicles

1- Impatience and lack of attention

2- Struggle to influence

3- They are road rage and indifference.

1- Impatience and lack of attention :-

As a result, various transport laws and regulations are violated

✔ Inappropriate row switching (Meshloklok);

✔ Violation of traffic light;

✔ Driving above the speed limit;

✔ Driving a vehicle too close;

✔ Stopping at a pedestrian crossing;

✔ Turning, overtaking and changing direction without signaling;

✔ Repeatedly making unnecessary trumpet sounds;

✔ Faltering by increasing and decreasing speed;

✔ Blocking pedestrian crossings, etc

2- Struggle to influence :-

❖ As a result of this, various transport laws and regulations are violated

✔ Driving close to another vehicle in order to force and intimidate;

✔ All of a sudden, the driver behind us doesn't want to brake.

✔ Cursing with hand gestures; Swear loudly.

✔ Blocking the road to prevent vehicles from passing;

✔ Sudden termination of vehicle in retaliation;

✔ To close the gap between vehicles so that another vehicle cannot enter;

✔ Grabbing a fruit suddenly with a sense of revenge;

✔ _

3- Indifference and road rage :-

❖ As a result of this, various transport laws and regulations are violated

✔ Driving under the influence of alcohol;

✔ Driving too fast;

✔ Blocked the road and stopped the vehicle and fought.

✔ Fighting, arguing;

✔ Taking out a weapon, climbing, shooting;

✔ _

Actions to be taken to avoid being a reckless driver:-

To keep yourself away from the unnecessary behavior of a reckless driver and to drive safely, you should perform the following tasks properly;

▶ Very tired; Not driving when upset, angry, etc.

▶ Allow enough time to reach your destination on time;

▶ If possible, do not make the travel program during the entry and exit hours of work;

▶ If there is an issue that could delay you, explain it by phone first;

▶ Cool down your frustrations by listening to fun soft music with the volume turned down.

▶ Relax while driving; Sit properly on the chair and hold the steering wheel properly

▶ Improving comfort in the car;

▶ Controlling emotions, avoiding retaliating when faced with a violent driver;

▶ Giving priority to the infected, being polite, giving respect to humanity and being forgiving

▶ _

❖ In addition, according to experts in the field, the solution to the wave driving is to develop a complementary driving style. This style promotes teamwork and cooperation by reducing risk and personal competition.

What to do when you encounter a wave driver

▶ Disagreement in competition to avoid leaving your row;

▶ Ignore signs of profanity;

▶ Avoid eye-to-eye contact;

▶ Monitor situations calmly without getting upset;

▶ Making an effort to end the problem peacefully without making it worse;

▶ Report the situation to traffic police and law enforcement;

▶ Keeping your eyes on the road you are driving;

▶ _

The three areas of driving behavior: - The three areas of driving behavior are called:-

1- emotional behavior

2- Cognitive (mental) behavior

3- They are characteristic of skill.

1- Emotional characteristics : - Desire; Attitude It includes values, motivations, and any goal-oriented human action.

For example: signaling before changing lanes is a feature of emotional driving. This means that the driver shows his initiative to avoid driving mistakes. Without this motivation, however, errors will occur, and the driver will not show signs. Learning to slow down the impulse to avoid making driving mistakes is a critical emotional driving skill.

2- Perceiving/mental/behaviour :- understanding, thinking; It involves reasoning and making any decisions and considering people's actions.

For example: signaling before changing rows is not just an emotional behavior; It is also available in a state of consideration. That said, the driver compiles data using conventional calculations. Mindful driving skills are essential to learning to make the right decisions at all times while driving.

3- Skill behavior: It includes any skill behavior that is performed by the command of the mind and the movement of our body. These qualities require mental and motor coordination.

For example: signaling before changing rows is an action that requires deep movement and the coordination of our eyes and hands; Physical readiness (perhaps carrying fruit if needed); Neck movement to look back; It requires the process of breathing change and so on to be done at the same time.

Driving behavior characteristic values

The 3 categories of driving characteristics described above have the following 3 respective values.
They are:
1- Responsibility
2- Safety / Caution / and
3- Efficiency.

The nature of driving behavior characteristic values

ጠንቃቃ የማሽከርከር ሂደትን ለማከናወን መነሳሳት

▶አንድ አሽከርካሪ የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ የጥንቃቄ ባህሪ መልካም የማሽከርከር ባህሪን የሚደግፉ ወይም የሚያነሳሱ የማሽከርከር ስነ-ባህሪ መሰረታዊ እሴቶችን እና ስሜቶችን በንቃት መተግበር ነው፡፡

የማሽከርከር ስነ-ባህሪ መሰረታዊ እሴቶች

▶ አሽከርካሪው በንቃት ለማሽከርከር የሚጠቀምባቸው መሰረታዊ መርሆች ናቸው፡፡
የማሽከርከር ስነ-ባህሪ መሰረታዊ እሴቶች
▶ ኃላፊነት፤
▶ ደህንነት/ጥንቃቄና
▶ ብቃት በመባል ይታወቃሉ፡፡

1. ኃላፊነት ፦ የሚከተሉትን ሁኔታዎች የሚያበረታታ እሴት ክፍል ነው፡፡

▶ለሌሎች ማሰብና ስነ-ምግባራዊነትን መላበስ

▶አዎንታዊ ህሊናዊ አስተሳሰብ

▶ደስተኝነትና እርካታ

2. ደህንነት/ጥንቃቄ ፦ የሚከተሉትን ሁኔታዎች የሚያበረታታ እሴት ክፍል ነው፡፡

▶ራስን ማዘጋጀትና ሚዛናዊትን/የእኩልነት ስሜት

▶ሚዛናዊ የውሳኔ አሰጣጥ

▶ትህትና ተላብሶ መግባባትና የመረጋጋት ስሜት

3. ብቃት፦ የሚከተሉትን ሁኔታዎች የሚያበረታታ እሴት ክፍል ነው፡፡

▶ደንብን ማክበርና ልበ-ሙሉነት

▶እውቀትና ግንዛቤ ማዳበር

▶ትክክለኛ ተግባርና ጠንቃቃነት/ንቁነት ናቸው።

❖ ስሜት፦ አሽከርካሪዎች አደጋን ተከላክለው ማሽከርከር እንዲችሉ እና በሙሉ ተነሳሽነት እንዲሠሩ በመልካም ስሜት እና በጥሩ ሙድ ላይ መገኘት አለባቸው ፡፡
- የአሽከርካሪዎች ስሜት በተለያዩ ምክንያቶች ሊጎዳ ይችላል። ለምሳሌ ፦ እርስ በርስ በመፎካከር ፤ በመሰዳደብ ፤ በመደባደብ ፤ ወዘተ።
- ስለሆነም በተጎዳ ወይም በተረበሸ ስሜት ውስጥ ሆኖ ማሽከርከር ለከፋ ከደጋ እንደሚዳርግ መታወቅ አለበት

❖ የግል ፍላጎት፦ ግላዊ የፍላጎቶች ትክክለኛውን የማሽከርከር ስነ-ባህሪ መረበሽ አይኖርባቸውም ፡፡
- ነገር ግን የግል ፍላጎትን ከመንገድ መርህ ጋር በማስተሳሰር እና የሁሉም የመንገድ ተጠቃሚዎች ደህንነት የተረጋጋ እንዲሆን በማሰብ የማሽከርከር ተግባርን ማከናወን ይገባል።

የመልካም አሽከርካሪ ባህሪያት የማዳበር ስልት

1- መልካም ያልሆነ ስሜትን መቆጣጠር

▶ የማሽከርከር ልማዳችን ጥሩ ስሜቶችን እንዲያጎለብት እንጂ መጥፎ ባህሪያትን እንዲያጠናክር ዕድል ያለመስጠት፤

▶ ስሜትን ለመቆጣጠር ለስራችን ጥሩ ፍቅር እንዲኖረን ማድረግ፤

▶ መልካም ያልሆኑ ስሜቶችን የሚቀሰቅሱ ሁኔታዎችን ለይቶ ማወቅ፤

▶ ስሜታችንን ተቆጣጥረን ማሽከርከር በማንችልበት ሁኔታ ውስጥ ስንገባ ስሜታችንን መቆጣጠር እስከምንችልበት ጊዜ ድረስ ያለመሽከርከር ናቸው፤

2- ጥቃቅን የማሽከርከር ስህቶችን ልምድ ያለማድረግ

▶ በየዕለቱ የማሽከርከር ስህተት ላለመፈፀም መሞከር፣ ከስህተቶቻችን ለመማር በመሞከር ተመሳሳይ ስህተት ያለመፈፀም፤

▶ የማሽከርከር ስህተት እየፈፀምን አደጋ ባለማድረስ የማሽከርከር ስልታችን ትክክል እንደሆነ አድርጎ የመውሰድ ባህሪን ማረም፤

▶ አንድ የማሽከርከር ስህተት ፈፅመን አደጋ ባለማድረሳችን ብቻ ስህተትን የመደጋገም ልምድ እንዳናዳብር ጥንቃቄ ማድረግ፤

▶ የተደጋገመ ጥቃቅን የማሽከርከር ስህተቶች ተጠራቅመው ወደ አላስፈላጊ የማሽከርካሪ ባህሪ እንዳያመራን ጥንቃቄ ማድረግ፤ ወ ዘ ተ

3- ራስን በራስ የመለወጥ ሶስት ደረጃዎች እንደሚከተሉት ተዘርዝረዋል፡፡

ይህ ስልታዊ የሆነ ራስን በራስ ስህተትን የማረም ዘዴ የሶስቱ “መ” ራስን የመለወጥ ሂደት ይባላል፡፡

ደረጃ አንድ፡- አሽከርካሪው እኔ ይህ አሉታዊ ልማድ አለኝ ብሎ አምኖ መቀበል እና“መጠንቀቅ”

ደረጃ ሁለት፡- አሽከርካሪው አሉታዊውን ልማድ ሲፈፀም በራሱ ላይ “መመስከር”

ደረጃ ሶስት፡- ይህን አሉታዊ ልማድ “መቀየር” ናቸው፡፡

4- ወደ አላስፈላጊ የማሽከርከር ባህሪ የሚገፋፉ ሁኔታዎችን ማስወገድ

▶ አሽከርካሪዎች የስራ ባልደረባንና የጓደኛን መልካም ያልሆነ የማሽከርከር ባህሪ አለመቅሰም

▶ አሽከርካሪዎች በትራፊክ ፍሰት ውስጥ ለመንገድ ደህንነት ተገቢውን ጥንቃቄ ባለማድረግ

▶ በገበያ፣ በንግድ ሁኔታ፤ እና በመሳሰሉት ጉዳዮች መገፋፋትን ማስወገድ ይገባቸዋል፤

▶ በትራፊክ ፍሰት ውስጥ የመንገድ ተጠቃሚዎች ፍላጎት እንደሚለያይ መረዳትና ይህ ፍላጎት ከአሽከርካሪው ፍላጎትና ከመንገድ ደህንነት ጋር የሚፃረር ሊሆን ስለሚችል ጥንቃቄ ማድረግ፤

▶ ወ ዘ ተ

5- ለራስ ህይወት ዋጋ በመስጠት አደጋን ለመቀነስ መጣር

▶ የአሽከርካሪዎች ግጭት ቢደርስ የሚከሰተውን ስነ-ባህሪያዊ፣ ማህበራዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ ቀውስ በመገመት ጥንቃቄ ማድረግ፤

▶ ሲያሽከረክሩ አደጋን ለመከላከል በሚያስችል መልክ መሆኑን ማጤን፤

▶ ግድየለሽ የሆነ የማሽከርከር ሂደት የሚያደርሰውን ጉዳት በሚገባ አስቀድሞ ማሰላሰል፤

▶ አሽከርካሪው ለራሱ፤ ለቤተሰቡ፤ ለህብረተሰቡና ብሎም ለሀገሪቱ ከሚሰጠው ጠቀሜታ አኳያ ለራሱ ህይወት ዋጋ መስጠትና ለራሱና ለቤተሰቡ መሳሳት ይገባዋል፤

▶ እራስን ከአደጋ ለመከላከል ቃል መግባት፤ ለተግባራዊነቱም በፅኑ መንቀሳቀስ ይገባል፤

▶ ወ ዘ ተ

ውጤታማ የመግባባት ክህሎትን ማዳበር ስልቶች

በሀሳብ መግባባት ለሰው ልጅ እርስ በእርስ ግንኙነት መሰረት ነው፡፡
ውጤታማ መግባባትን በማከናወን የእርስ በእርስ ግንኙነት ለማሳካት የሚከተሉትን የመግባቢያ ክህሎቶች ማዳበር ይበጃል፡፡
እነሱም፡-
- መቻቻል፣
- ማካፈል፣
- አዛኝ መሆንና
- መደራደር ናቸው

1- መቻቻል፡-የማንወደውን ወይም የማንስማማበትን አመለካከት፣ የአኗኗር ዘይቤ፣ እምነት . . . ወዘተ ለመፍቀድ ዝግጁ መሆን፡፡

2- ማካፈል፡- አንዳንድ ነገር በጋራ ለማከናወን ከሌሎች ጋር መሳተፍ፡፡ ማለት ያለህን ነገር ሌላው እንዲጠቀምበት ፈቃደኛ መሆን፡፡

3- አዛኝ መሆን፡- ሌሎች ሰዎች ችግር ሲያጋጥማቸው ችግሩን እንደራስ በማየትና በመገንዘብ ችግሩ የሚቃለልበትን መንገድ መፈለግን ያካትታል ፡፡

4- መደራደር፡- ስሜትን የሚጎዱና እራስን ከአደጋ ሁኔታዎችን የመቋቋም ችሎታ ነው፡፡
ሰዎች ሲናገሩ በጥሞታ የማዳመጥ ክህሎትና የራስን ሃሳብ ሌሎች ሊረዱን በሚችሉበት ሁኔታና በተረጋጋ መንፈስ ሃሳብን የመግለፅ ክህሎት ማዳበር ተገቢ ነው፡፡

የትራፊክ አደጋ መንስኤዎች

2ቱ የትራፊክ አደጋ መንስኤዎች /ምክንያቶች/፡

1. ውስጣዊ ምክንያቶች

2. ውጫዊ ምክንያቶች ተብለው በሁለት ዓይነት መልኩ ሊከፈሉ ይችላሉ።

1. ውስጣዊ ምክንያቶች

ውስጣዊ ምክንያቶች የምንላቸው ከራሱ ከአሽከርካሪው የሚነጩ ችግሮች ናቸው፡፡

ይህንንም ስንል ፡-

▶ በቂ እውቀት ክህሎት ሳይኖራቸው ሲቀር

▶ ትኩረታቸውን በሌላ ነገር ላይ አድርገው ሲያሽከረክሩ

▶ በመጥፎ ስሜትና በተበላሸ ሙድ ውስጥ ሆነው ሲያሽከረክሩ

▶ በቸልተኝነት ሲያሽከረክሩ

▶ በድካም ና በእቅልፍ ስሜት ሲያሽከረክሩ

▶ ራስ ወዳድነት ሲያጠቃቸው

▶ ልታይ ልታይ ባይነት ሲያጠቃቸው

▶ በሱስ ተጽዕኖ ስር ሆኖ ማሽከርከር

▶ ዕድሜ

▶ ጤና

ስለ አልኮል፦ የአልኮል መጠጥ እና የአደንዛዥ እፆች ተፅእኖ በ Chapter-4 በዝርዝር ይመልከቱ

ስለ ዕድሜ ፦ በአሜሪካን ሀገር የቀረበ አንድ ጥናት እንደሚያመለክተው ዕድሜያቸው ከ 21 እሰከ 26 ባሉ አሽከርካሪዎች ከፍተኛውን የትራፊክ አደጋ ድርሻ ይዘዋል፡፡

2. ውጫዊ ምክንቶች

▶ የአከባቢ ሁኔታ ለምሳሌ የመንገድ ሁኔታ፤ የአየሩ ሁኔታ፤ የትራፊኩ ሁኔታ

▶ የተሸከርካሪው ሁኔታ ማለትም የተለያዩ የተሸከርካሪው ክፍሎች የቴክኒክ ችግሮች

▶ የእግረኞች የግንዛቤ እጥረት ወይም ደግሞ ቸልተኝነት

▶ የሕግ አስፈፀሚ አካላት ሕግን የማስፈፀም አቅም ማነስና ወዘተ ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ።

የትራፊክ አደጋ ውጤቶች /ጉዳቶች/

▶ ኢኮኖሚያዊ ቀውስ

▶ ስነ-ልቦናዊ ቀውስ

▶ ማሕበራዊ ችግር

End